Elemental Scientific Lasers’ Scientific Publications

The Qianshan geothermal field, located in the southwest of Wugongshan in the north branch of Luoxiaoshan, is the key area to study the geothermal resources of Wugongshan. Based on the methods of regional geology, geological characteristics of the study area, thermal physical parameters, hydrochemical characteristics and zircon isotopes, this paper mainly analyzes the characteristics of the geothermal system in Qianshan area, and deeply studies the tectonic background and heat source mechanism of Qianshan geothermal. The results show that: (1) the Heping-Sanjiang fault in the NE-SW direction is an important thermal conduction and thermal control structure in Qianshan geothermal; (2) The characteristics of water chemistry and isotopes indicat...

Esta tese de doutorado está associada ao projeto “PIRE-CREATE: Climate research education in the Americas using tree-ring speleothem examples”. Neste sentido, os anéis de crescimento são considerados camadas de crescimento produzidas pela madeira por certo período de tempo, portanto, são considerados registros biológicos das alterações ocorridas no ambiente. Espeleotemas também são matrizes pré-estabelecidas como arquivos da mudança climática, pois também incorporam elementos traços na matriz de carbonato de cálcio de acordo com as mudanças ocorridas no local. Por serem matrizes que possuem informações ambientais e regiões micrométricas, técnicas que possuam alta resolução espacial são de suma importância para ...

A busca por fontes limpas, renováveis e ecológicas de hidrogênio fizeram com que a água fosse uma excelente candidata para ser utilizada como matéria prima na produção de hidrogênio. A produção de hidrogênio verde a partir da água é feita através de um sistema conhecido como Water Splitting (WS) e é limitado pelo processo anódico, denominado reação de evolução de oxigênio, sendo necessário a utilização de um catalisador para que a reação seja eficiente. O Azul da Prússia é um material inorgânico de valência mista em uma estrutura cúbica tridimensional formado por Fe(II) ligado a Fe(III) através de pontes de cianeto. Além disso, o ferro pode ser substituído por outros metais de transição e uma estrutura an...

The Kizhnica-Hajvalia-Badovc ore field is located in central Kosovo and in the southern part of the Trepça Mineral Belt, which is part of the Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic province. The Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic province is known for numerous Pb-Zn-Ag deposits that have formed as a result of the late Oligocene to early Miocene post-collision extension and associated intermediate to felsic magmatic activity. The Kizhnica-Hajvalia-Badovc ore field exhibits metal zonation associated with volcanic center (concealed porphyry system) with three metal zones: Bi-Cu±Au zone, base-metal Pb-Zn-Sb±Ni zone, and distal sediment-hosted Sb-As-Tl-Hg zone. Individual metal zones show the presence of various styles of hydrothermal mineralization: veins...

A fairly large (ca. 15 cm), massive glassy specimen of nearly black bulk colour, found in Ratnapura district, was identified as metamict gadolinite-(Y) based on its chemical composition Y1.4Ln0.6Ca0.1Fe0.9Be2Si2O10 (with Ln = lanthanide elements La-Lu) and since the material reconstituted to monoclinic gadolinite-(Y) after two days of dry annealing in air at 1150 °C. Thin slabs (< 0.5 mm) of the specimen are bottle-green and transparent. Apart from surface weathering and small inclusions, the material is fairly homogeneous and does not show any indication of chemical alteration. Concentrations of Th (6310 ppm) and U (3360 ppm) in the material, and its calculated time-integrated alpha dose of ca. 8.5 × 10 18 g-1 based on the 206 Pb/ 238 U ...

Atherosklerose ist eine entzündliche Erkrankung der arteriellen Gefäße und ist unter anderem charakterisiert durch strukturelle Veränderung der Gefäßwand und die Bildung von atherosklerotischen Plaques. Die innere Gefäßwand (Intima) der arteriellen Blutgefäße ist der Ort, an dem die Gefäßveränderungen auftreten. Im Rahmen dessen sind erhöhte Gefäßwandpermeabilität und proinflammatorische Makrophagen wesentliche Schlüsselprozesse. Mittels der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) als nichtinvasivem bildgebenden Verfahren und spezifischen molekularen Kontrastmitteln ist es möglich, die pathologischen Veränderungen bereits in frühen Stadien der Atherosklerose zu detektieren. Die simultane Anwendung von Gadofosveset Trisodium sow...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and thallium have became worldwide concerned contaminates because of their wide spread distribution and emerging adverse effects to the environment. Uptake and translocation of PFAS and thallium in contaminated soil grown vegetable crops and remediation mechanism were vital to the management of these two pollutants and also important to the ecological risk control in traditional contaminated districts. In order to explore accumulation and translocation of PFAS and thallium inside vegetable crops and possible remediation methods for PFAS and thallium in soil-crop system, six experiments were carried out in growth chamber, greenhouse and also field, using different contaminated media and species of v...

This thesis presents apatite (U-Th)/He and apatite fission-track thermochronology data to understand spatial and temporal changes in rock uplift and exhumation along and across the Antarctic Peninsula to determine how and when its high elevation developed. This is important to test tectonic models and to understand the elevation history as a precursor to ice nucleation and expansion in the Cenozoic. Easterly-directed subduction of the Phoenix Plate, including ridge-trench collisions, has been taking place along its western margin since the Late Cretaceous. Data from four east-west transects show how cooling rates varied with distance from the trench as well as with respect to the timing of the ridge-trench collisions on a south-north basis....

Minerals from > 200 mantle xenoliths from Komsomolskaya kimberlite pipe were studied by electron microprobe and LA-ICP-MS. They are metasomatised garnet and spinel peridotites containing phlogopite, amphibole and ilmenite with garnets (up to 12.5 wt% Cr2O3) and clinopyroxenes (up to 5 wt% Na2O) or rarer Fe-pyroxenites and A, B, C eclogites. Thermobarometry indicates that the lithospheric mantle beneath the Komsomolskaya pipe is layered. Heated porphyroclastic, deformed peridotites at the lithosphere base (7-6 GPa) are enriched in Fe. The cold group at 6.0-5.5 GPa (34 mW/m2) are depleted peridotites with sub-Ca garnets. Cpx-fertilized varieties belong to the middle part of the mantle section. Amphiboles range from Cr-hornblendes to edenites ...

This exploratory study compares clays and the composition of white pottery vessels from four regional centers dating to the Longshan period in the Haidai area of China. Utilizing petrography, XRF, and LA-ICP-AES, it offers a new comparison of white vessel composition in relation to variation in regional geology. We find that trace elements are useful for identifying differences in composition between vessels from the four centers. We propose that potters at the two western centers had more opportunity to acquire clays most suited for producing a pure white color than those living at the two eastern centers. A small sample of white sherds from the two eastern centers suggests either acquisition of clays from more distant source areas, or exc...

Isotope ratio analyses of trace elements are applied to tooth enamel, ostrich eggshell, and other archaeological hard tissues to infer mobility and other aspects of hominin and animal paleoecology. It has been assumed that these highly mineralized tissues are resistant to diagenetic alteration, but this is seldom tested and some studies document diagenetic alteration over brief time spans. Here, we build on existing research on Maximum Threshold Concentrations (MTCs) to develop screening tools for diagenesis that can inform heavy isotopic analyses. The premise of the MTC approach is that archaeological tissues are likely contaminated and unsuitable for isotope ratio analysis when they exceed characteristic modern concentration ranges of tra...

In 2012, Tennessee Valley Archaeological Research (TVAR) excavated two archaeological sites displaying evidence of a Historic Choctaw (1650-1830 CE) occupation in Kemper County, Mississippi. To learn more about the histories of the Choctaw communities who occupied these sites, TVAR formed a research partnership with the University of Alabama and Choctaw Nation Historic Preservation (CNHP) to examine a ceramic assemblage recovered from these sites using chemical characterization analysis. Specifically, a bipartite sample assemblage of ceramic artifacts and experimental test vessels was subjected to laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Our results demonstrate that the Shumo Takali ceramics are chemically si...

Where resolvable, zoning in MREE (e.g., Gd; Figures 3-7) preserves interfacial angles (sample _407_) and sharp compositional gradients (sample _SU-03A_), indicating MREE zoning is still largely primary and that MREE, like the HREE, have not been significantly affected by diffusive rehomogenization. This inference conforms to experimental observations that suggest that Sm and Yb show equally sluggish diffusion in garnet (van Orman et al., 2002). Europium appears to provide an important exception to this rule. Europium broadly follows the other MREE in the oscillatorily zoned garnet from samples _SU-03A_ and _6829B3_. However, in garnet from the slowly cooled sample _407_—arguably the sample that underwent the most extreme thermal history...

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In this work we have performed scanning electron microscopy including Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy as well as Laser Ablation-ICP-MS studies on a fuel sample leached in de-ionized water for 37 years in order to study the properties and mechanism of formation of the secondary phases formed on the fuel surface and in cracks. The results presented here show that the most probable mechanism for the formation of the secondary phases (previously identified as mainly studtite and metaschoepite) under the present conditions is an interface-coupled dissolution-precipitation mechanism, in particular in the cracks, while an interface-coupled or a spatially-temporally uncoupled mechanism may prevail in the surface deposit areas. Furthermore...

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The largest Mardi Gras celebrations in the U.S. are found along the Gulf of Mexico coast. With increasing awareness of and concern for environmental and human health risks due to pollution from Mardi Gras celebrations, there is a need for studies to quantify potential harms. We conducted a 2—part study to determine whether use—related handling and weathering of common Mardi Gras beaded necklaces results in loss of potentially harmful metals to the environment at levels of ecological or human health concern. Our data indicate that weathering and use—related handling can cause metals to be shed from the metallic coating of beads to the environment. The quantity of metals released depended on the color of beads and type or intensity of h...

Hair offers a non-invasive way to assess mercury exposure in diverse species, but variable and poorly understood molt patterns in wildlife may hamper the interpretation of tracer levels in hair. Reliability of using hair to precisely assess internal mercury burden, thus, varies across species, but few studies have assessed the reliability of claw. Claws grow continuously, and growth rate may be easier to monitor than molt patterns. We quantified total mercury concentration (THg) in internal and keratinous tissues of 55 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) legally harvested near Arctic tree line in Canada in winter (i.e., when mobility and opportunistic foraging are maximal) to compare the performance of hair and claw in predicting internal mercury bur...

This work aims to demonstrate the potential of pulsed laser ablation synthesis (PLA) of tellurium nanoparticles (Te NPs) for use in MALDI-MS applications. An experimental laboratory setup for PLA synthesis of fresh Te NPs was designed to prevent unwanted aggregation of uncoated Te NPs and avoid the need to use additional modifiers. Performing PLA in acetone was found to be the optimal way of preparing Te NPs. Another possibility is to use commercially available laser ablation devices for LA-ICP-MS to perform PLA in a helium atmosphere, but this approach is less efficient and results in the formation of unwanted larger particles.The prepared Te NPs were studied using the TEM and DLS methods. TEM images showed the formation of Te NP nanochain...

This study examined the new U-Pb age findings in zoned garnets formed at the contact between the Keban marble and the Pertek granitoid and the detection of inclusion minerals using Raman Spectroscopy, LA-ICP-MS and electron microprobe. The study area around Ayazpınar (Pertek-Tunceli), where Fe-skarn and vein type Cu mineralizations are located, is located in the quartz diorite-Keban marble contacts. The thrust of Elazığ magmatites onto the Keban Metamophytes and subsequent faulting caused the settlement of quartz diorites in the region. Skarnization developed in the form of both endo and exoskarns. Garnet skarns formed by crystallization of skarn magma by cooling at relatively high temperatures through metasomatism or precipitation of sk...

The closure of the Paleo-Tethys ocean and subsequent collisional orogenesis in the early Mesozoic played an important role in the formation of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. However, the final closure of the southernmost Paleo-Tethys branching ocean basin in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau—known as Sumdo Paleo-Tethys ocean—and collision between Central and Southern Lhasa terranes remain controversial. In particular, the tectonic significance of early Mesozoic volcanism and sedimentation in the Lhasa terrane is unknown, but crucial for understanding the final stages of ocean closure. Here, we explore the depositional ages and provenance of detrital zircon of clastic sedimentary rocks and the petrogenesis of the interbedded andesite of the Late...

Ultraviolet Femtosecond Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (UV-fs-LA-ICP-TOFMS) is critically evaluated for fast multi-elemental mapping of Hastelloy coated carbon steel that was immersed in a liquid corrosive environment for two months. The Hastelloy coating, which is a multi-elemental Cr-Fe-Ni-Mo-W matrix, is produced using laser cladding technology. A UV-fs laser is employed to reduce the ablation thermal effects improving the spatial resolution in the elemental analysis of the coating, interface and substrate. Moreover, the TOFMS is equipped with ion beam attenuation grids to expand its linear dynamic range, allowing the determination of major, minor and trace elements. Quantification is achieved ...

In hydrogeology, one of the challenges is to find ways of detecting patterns within ancient formations to predict the distribution of fluid paths and permeability barriers and understanding the palaeohydrological system and its evolution. Two significant research questions related to fluid flow are addressed in this study: (i) the impact of paleosol-induced dolomitization on the flow properties and (ii) its implications for the distribution of fluid flow patterns in continental sedimentary units. Most of the observations and ideas developed around the link between dolomitization and fluid flow were essentially developed in marine sedimentary sequences and hardly any concerns continental successions. Objectives are achieved by (1) continuous...

The Kargil Igneous Complex (KIC) located in the Ladakh Himalayas intrude into the Jurassic-Cretaceous aged Dras arc situated north of the Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone (ITSZ) and consist predominantly of intermediate-mafic plutons (viz. granites, granodiorites to gabbros and troctolites). Detailed petrographic and geochemical characteristics (major, trace, REE and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions) of gabbros and troctolites have been studied to help delineate the petrogenetic history and evolution of these mafic intrusive rocks. Modal abundances of key minerals along with textures displayed have been used to classify the studied samples into cumulate (olivine gabbros and troctolites) and non-cumulate rocks (biotite gabbros). The studied rocks have ...

The widely distributed Mesozoic volcanics in the middle Lhasa terrane have been a subject of debate concerning their genetic mechanisms. Leveraging geochronology, element geochemistry, and Hf isotopes, we have systematically investigated the origin and dynamic mechanisms of the Zenong Group volcanics in the Bengnazangbu and western Dangreyongcuo areas in the east-central part of the middle Lhasa terrane.Comprising primarily of andesites, dacites, and rhyolites, the Zenong Group volcanics display distinct geochemical signatures. Both andesites and dacite show consistent medium to high-K calc-alkaline characteristics in the Dangreyongcuo and Bengnazangbu area, whereas the rhyolites are quite different in calc-alkaline, with the former showing...

A state-of-the-art mobile Apatite Fission Track (AFT) laboratory is operational at Diné College on the Navajo Nation. For outreach to local Junior High School students, AFT analysis was applied to samples related to a Tertiary dike intruded into Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone, near Boundary Butte, southern Utah, Navajo Nation. AFTs in the dike and adjacent reset sandstone constrain post-intrusion time-temperature (t-T) paths. AFTs in one nearby sample constrain heating due to dike intrusion to between 275-325°C (assuming 1-2 months duration). AFTs far from the dike constrain pre-intrusion and post-intrusion t-T paths. Ms. White will provide several Chinle Junior High School 7th Grade students the AFT-based t-T histories summarized above ...

During the Late Pleistocene-to-Holocene, the mafic Planchón volcano (35.2 °S, Southern Andes) experienced two important destructive events: a sector collapse to the west and a multiphase explosive eruption transforming the east summit area. We provide new field and laboratory evidence, including geochemical, geochronologic, and geological-morphological analysis, to reconstruct the evolution, triggering mechanisms, and physical parameters of these events.The lateral collapse (48~ka BP) was mainly predisposed by a tectonically westward-inclined substratum and rapid edifice growth rates (0.3-0.48 km3 ka-1). The resulting Planchón-Teno debris avalanche became valley-confined traveling at c. 260 km h-1 up to 95 km distance and forming an 8.6 ...

Re-examination of sediment samples collected from the Bay of Bengal via laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) Rb-Sr geochronology demonstrates the viability of the Rb-Sr system for use as a detrital chronometer. The age population defined by the Rb-Sr dates essentially reproduces that previously published for detrital 40Ar/39Ar dates. The assumed initial 87Sr/86Sr on the calculated population has some influence on the age of the final population, but that influence can be ameliorated by filtering for higher 87Rb/86Sr ratios. The 87Rb/86Sr ratio cut-off used for such filters to minimize the effect of initial 87Sr/86Sr on the final population is strongly dependant on the age of the material being analysed (i....

. Understanding the impact that mineral grain size and seawater salinity have on magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation is critical for the success of ocean alkalinity enhancement. We tested the Mg(OH)2 dissolution kinetics in seawater using three Mg(OH)2 grain sizes (<63, 63-180 and >180 µm) and at three salinities (~36, ~28 and ~20). While Mg(OH)2 dissolution occurred quicker the smaller the grain size, salinity did not significantly impact measured rates. Our results also demonstrate that grain size can impact secondary CaCO3 precipitation, suggesting that an optimum grain size exists for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) using solid Mg(OH)2. Of the three grain sizes tested...

The concentrations of trace elements in pyrite and enargite-luzonite from target 185 of the copper-gold high sulphidation Chelopech deposit were determined by LA-ICP-MS. Their average contents in ppm based on 12 analyses of pyrite and 10 analyses of enargite-luzonite are respectively: Ti (6548) > Cu (3449) > V (580) > Mn (299) > Pb (173) > As (157) > Se (149) > Te (122) > Zn (80) > Co (79) > Bi (41) > Cr (29) > W (25) > Sn (22) > Ni (17) > Au, Ga (15) > Ag (14) > Mo (9) > Sb (5) > Tl (4) > Hg (1) > In (0.2) for the first one and Fe (26531) > Zn (22140) > Sb (11014) > Bi (7956) > Se (1730) > Sn (1016) > Pb (995) > Te (326) > Mn (205) > Mo (170) > Hg ...