Elemental Scientific Lasers’ Scientific Publications

The close spatial association and compositional similarity between bajaites and adakites suggest a possible genetic relationship between these rock types. To constrain the petrogenesis of bajaite, this study examines a microgabbro boulder derived from a bajaitic dike in the Kitakami Massif, northern Japan, a well-studied area with respect to adakite-bajaite magmatism. The microgabbro contains numerous dunite xenoliths and displays very fine-grained texture in some parts, representing solidified melt. Equilibrium temperatures (≤1131 °C) derived from the pyroxene thermometer and pressure (∼0.95 GPa) calculated using the clinopyroxene barometer indicate a crustal cumulate origin of the dunite xenoliths. The overall whole-rock major-elemen...

The Precambrian paleosols are good proxies for deciphering paleoredox conditions. They are also good indicators of thermal events that affect the metamorphic terrane. The Rb-Sr isochron ages of the Precambrian paleosols are good indicators of the timing of alkali metasomatism. This work presents zircon U-Pb, whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron, and K-Ar ages of a metamorphosed and metasomatized paleosol occurring at the base of the Paleoproterozoic Aravalli Supergroup, Northwestern India, to constrain the time of major thermal events. The Aravalli paleosols (sericite schists) have witnessed a complex history of metamorphism and metasomatism. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of zircons from the two paleosol samples are 2586 ± 45 Ma and 2793 ± 21 Ma, similar ...

The East Tianshan contains many late Paleozoic magmatism and polymetallic deposits, and recent studies demonstrate that the Early Paleozoic volcanic rocks were discovered in the northern region of East Tianshan, which are subdivided into the Daliugou, Hongliuxia, and Kalatag formations. Here, we report zircon U-Pb ages of volcanic rocks and quartz diorite porphyry, and whole-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd isotope data of Early Paleozoic volcanic rocks in order to investigate its petrogenesis and geodynamic setting. Zircon U-Pb analyses of the rocks suggest that the Kalatag Formation formed at ca. 438-413 Ma. Geochemical characteristics of the Early Paleozoic volcanic rocks exhibit typical subduction-related features. They have high Mg# (44-75),...

Gypsum formation mechanisms during external sulfate attack were studied on Portland cements of various C3A content exposed to low sulfate concentrations. Though ettringite is acknowledged as the main expansive phase during external sulfate attack, the simultaneous formation of gypsum can cause expansion of laboratory samples prepared with SR Portland cement. The comparison of free expansion, expansion pressure, sulfur distribution, microstructure and thermodynamic modelling was used to identify three different gypsum formation mechanisms: (i) gypsum formation in mesopores of the hardened cement paste matrix ( 1500 mg l−1 SO42−), (ii) gypsum formation in new macroscopic cavities caused by matrix expansion ( 1500 mg l−1 SO42−) and (ii...

Jiama is a giant, high-grade porphyry copper system in the Gangdese metallogenic belt, Tibet. Multistage intermediate-felsic porphyries intruded in this deposit, some of which are strongly associated with copper-polymetallic mineralization. These ore-bearing porphyries include monzogranite, granodiorite, and quartz diorite porphyries. A new granite aplite dyke was found in the south of Jiama. Its age, genesis, and relationship with ore-related magmatism are obscure. Here, its emplacement age and petrogenesis were determined using mineralogy, zircon U-Pb dating, geochemistry, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope studies. The zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age of the aplite dyke is 16.66 ± 0.21 Ma (n = 14, MSWD = 0.66), earlier than that of the ore-bearing porphyrie...

Patagonian aquatic environments have been invaded since the end of the last century by different species of salmonids. Knowing the natal origin and homing/straying rate of the salmonids in colonised environments is essential to understanding the dispersal mechanisms and developing management plans. In the last two decades, Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha showed the greatest natural dispersal capacity in Patagonia. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the environmental strontium isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr) as a potential natural tag to infer the natal origin and ontogenetic habitat use of salmonids in Patagonia, specifically Chinook salmon. 87Sr/86Sr ratio was determined in water samples from 26 sites distributed in 14 Atlantic ...

The Bangbule skarn Pb-Zn deposit (> 1Mt Zn+Pb) is located in the western Nyainqentanglha polymetallic metallogenetic belt, Tibet. Lenticular orebodies are all hosted in skarn and developed in the contact zone between the quartz porphyry and carbonate strata of the Middle-Upper Chaguoluoma Formation as well as carbonate strata and sandstone strata of the Laga Formation. As a newly discovered skarn deposit, it's geological background and ore genesis remain poorly understood. In this work, we present detailed petrological, geochemical and geochronological data of the ore-related quartz porphyry, aiming to constraining the mineralization age and discussing the ore genesis of the Bangbule deposit. Both endoskarn and exoskarn are identified in th...

Ocean acidification can severely affect bivalve molluscs, especially their shell calcification. Assessing the fate of this vulnerable group in a rapidly acidifying ocean is therefore a pressing challenge. Volcanic CO2 seeps are natural analogues of future ocean conditions that offer unique insights into the scope of marine bivalves to cope with acidification. Here, we used a 2-month reciprocal transplantation of the coastal mussel Septifer bilocularis collected from reference and elevated pCO2 habitats to explore how they calcify and grow at CO2 seeps on the Pacific coast of Japan. We found significant decreases in condition index (an indication of tissue energy reserves) and shell growth of mussels living under elevated pCO2 conditions. Th...

New detrital zircon age results from the Lusitanian Basin are integrated with published data for the Mesozoic of west Iberia and eastern Canada (4959 concordant ages). Zircons in new samples are either mainly Devonian-Permian, Cryogenian-Ediacaran or reveal a combination of these two age populations, showing secondary to minor Mesoproterozoic-Archean ages. Statistical tools applied to the compiled age data allow grouping the samples according to age signatures and explain main features of the age spectra. Age signatures are determined by the abundance of zircon: (1) recycled from terranes involved in Pangea amalgamation; (2) associated with Acadian-Variscan crystalline rocks (~420-310 Ma), which becomes younger from the Laurentian to the ...

Renal excretion is one of the major routes of nanomaterial elimination from the body. Many previous studies have found that graphene oxide nanosheets are excreted in bulk through the kidneys. However, how the lateral size affects GO disposition in the kidneys including glomerular filtration, active tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption is still unknown.The thin, two-dimensional graphene oxide nanosheets (GOs) was observed to excrete in urine through the kidneys, but the lateral dimension of GOs affects their renal clearance pathway and renal injury. The s-GOs could be renal excreted via the glomerular filtration, while the l-GOs were predominately excreted via proximal tubular secretion at a much faster renal clearance rate than the s-...

The granite complex in the Maohuo area of Litang County is located in the central and western parts of the Yidun-Shaluri island arc in the Sanjiang area; the intrusion is located in the sand slate of the Tumugou Formation in Daocheng District. In this paper, the petrographic analysis of the granodiorite porphyry and biotite monzogranite in the granite complex in the Volcano area is carried out, a systematic study of rock geochemical characteristics and chronology, elucidating the genetic connection between the two in the nature and tectonic background of the source region. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating shows, granodiorite porphyry, medium-coarse-grained biotite monzogranite, the ages of diorite inclusions in biotite monzonitic granites are 2...

Studies of accreted oceanic plateau sections provide crucial information on their structures, compositions, and origins. We investigate the petrogenesis of ultramafic-mafic rocks in the Tangjia-Sumdo greenstone belt of southeast Tibet using petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, and U-Pb zircon geochronology. These rocks are divided into four groups based on geochemical characteristics that include depleted and tholeiitic mafic rocks, transitional mafic rocks, enriched and alkaline mafic rocks, and picritic ultramafic rocks. Depleted and tholeiitic mafic rocks have the oldest crystallization ages (∼272 Ma), followed by picritic ultramafic rocks (∼270 Ma), transitional mafic rocks (267-254 Ma), and enriched and alkaline mafic rocks (252-2...

Anhydrite has become increasingly recognized as a primary igneous phase since its discovery in pumices from the 1982 eruption of El Chichón, Mexico. Recent work has provided evidence that immiscible sulfate melts may also be present in high-temperature, sulfur-rich, arc magmas. In this study we present partition coefficients for 37 trace elements between anhydrite, sulfate melt and silicate melt based on experiments at 0.2-1 GPa, 800-1200 °C, and fO2 > NNO+2.5. Sulfate melt-silicate melt partition coefficients are shown to vary consistently with ionic potential (the ratio of nominal charge to ionic radius, Z/r) and show peaks in compatibility close to the ionic potential of Ca and S. Partition coefficients for many elements, partic...

The Sør Rondane Mountains (SRM), East Antarctica is located in a key area of Gondwana formation where the East African-Antarctic Orogen and the Kuunga Orogen cross. Timing of peak metamorphism has been considered at ca. 650-600 Ma in the SRM, on which previous tectonic models were built. In this study, timing of garnet-forming metamorphisms is determined using in situ U-Pb dating of zircon and petrochronological approach utilizing distribution coefficient of rare earth elements (DREE) between zircon and garnet and REE patterns of zircon. As a result, we obtained several different periods of garnet-forming metamorphism at ≥600 Ma and ≤580 Ma both from the NE- and SW-terranes. This is the first report of multiple timings of garnet format...

The Neoproterozoic peridotites of Abu Dahr, Eastern Desert of Egypt, consist mainly of highly depleted harzburgites that have experienced multiple stages of serpentinization (lizarditization and antigoritization) and carbonation/listvenitization in a forearc environment. The Abu Dahr forearc harzburgites are more oxidized than oceanic mantle, with the oxygen fugacity (fO2) values ranging from FMQ+0.41 to FMQ+1.20 (average = +0.60 FMQ), and were equilibrated at temperatures of 910-1217 °C and pressures of 4.1-7.8 kbar. This study has documented for the first time the presence of various Ni-rich Ni-Fe (-Co) sulfide and metal phases along with Fe-oxides/oxyhydroxides in serpentinized-carbonated peridotites of the Abu Dahr forearc. Here I conc...

The Ningwu ore district is the best-defined iron oxide-apatite (IOA) district in China and hosts >30 IOA deposits. At Ningwu, four volcanic cycles occurred over a short period of ∼ 10 Ma and yielded comparable lithogeochemical characteristics. However, only the sub-volcanic intrusive rocks from the Dawangshan Formation are associated with IOA-type mineralization. In this study, the mineralization related and unrelated formations have been distinguished based on zircon Hf-O isotope and trace element analyses to reveal the magma evolution and fertility of IOA deposits. Our results suggest that the Mesozoic volcanic rocks at Ningwu have three components of sources: enriched mantle, Archean crystalline basement, and Neoproterozoic crustal mat...

The Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) is among the prominent large igneous provinces in the world and has been associated with mantle plume activity. In this study we investigated the impact of the Emeishan mantle plume on generating the sedimentary rock suites of the eastern Sichuan Basin. We present petrology, detrital zircon U - Pb ages, trace elements, and Hf isotopic compositions of the Middle-Late Permian sedimentary sequences in the Huayingshan region to constrain the provenance and characterize the depositional response to the Emeishan mantle plume activity. The detrital zircon U - Pb ages of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation indicate that terrigenous detritus was mainly sourced from the Kangdian paleoland in the southwestern...

Copper (Cu) has a multifaceted role in brain development, function, and metabolism. Two homologous Cu transporters, Atp7a (Menkes disease protein) and Atp7b (Wilson disease protein), maintain Cu homeostasis in the tissue. Atp7a mediates Cu entry into the brain and activates Cu-dependent enzymes, whereas the role of Atp7b is less clear. We show that during postnatal development Atp7b is necessary for normal morphology and function of choroid plexus (ChPl). Inactivation of Atp7b causes reorganization of ChPl' cytoskeleton and cell-cell contacts, loss of Slc31a1 from the apical membrane, and a decrease in the length and number of microvilli and cilia. In ChPl lacking Atp7b, Atp7a is upregulated but remains intracellular, which limits Cu transp...

Models of planetary core formation beginning with melting of Fe,Ni metal and troilite are not readily applicable to oxidized and sulfur-rich chondrites containing only trace quantities of metal. Cores formed in these bodies must be dominated by sulfides. Siderophile trace elements used to model metallic core formation could be used to model oxidized, sulfide-dominated core formation and identify related meteorites if their trace element systematics can be quantified. Insufficient information exists regarding the behavior of these core-forming elements among sulfides during metamorphism prior to anatexis. Major, minor, and trace element concentrations of sulfides are reported in this study for petrologic type 3-6 R chondrite materials. Sulfi...

Chemical analyses of 1371 fluid inclusions in 131 halite samples with marine 87Sr/86Sr values were used to reconstruct the strontium concentrations [Sr]SW of Phanerozoic and Neoproterozoic seawater. [Sr]SW varied seven-fold and oscillated twice between high- and low-Sr concentrations over the past 550 million years (Myr), in rhythm with Ca-rich and SO4-poor paleoseawater intervals and calcite-aragonite seas. Variations in the [Sr]/[Ca]SW ratio from fluid inclusions were not significant over the past ∼270 Myr, and are within ±3 µmol/mmol of the modern [Sr]/[Ca]SW ratio of ∼8.5 µmol/mmol. These results agree with the [Sr]/[Ca]SW ratios obtained from fossil corals, benthic foraminifera, brachiopods, belemnites, and rudists. [Sr]/[Ca]SW ...

The lakes of mining and metallurgical regions are modified not only by climate warming, but also by diverse human impacts. The primary hypothesis of this study was that the response of lakes in the Ural metallurgical region to global warming and human land use was mediated by loading of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and acidification. To test this hypothesis, we carried out a diatom and geochemical analysis of sediments accumulated through the past 800-1200 years and a hydrochemical analysis of four lakes. All lakes were characterized by shifts in diatom assemblages and changes in diatom indices and planktonic diatoms in the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. Despite contamination by PTEs, lakes Turgoyak, Tavatui, and Syrytkul exp...

IntroductionThe waters surrounding the Wanshan Islands are important traditional fishing grounds in China, with rich habitat types. Acanthopagrus latus is an economically important species in this area; however, the distribution of its spawning grounds and habitat use patterns remain unknown.MethodsThus 100 otolith samples of A. latus were collected from three geographic areas (MW: Qi’ao Island Mangrove Water Habitat; OW: Yamen Estuary Oyster Farm Water Habitat; RW: Dong’ao-Guishan Island Reef Water Habitat), and the concentrations of Sr and Ca along the shortest axis of the vertical otolith annual or lunar rings were measured to span the entire life cycle of A. latus, with the core and edge areas corresponding to environmental characte...

The Kibara belt (KIB) in the Maniema province hosts orebodies bearing cassiterite-wolframite, which are associated with equigranular to pegmatitic late Mesoproterozoic (1094-755 Ma) granites and Sn-W bearing quartz veins that cut through metasedimentary country rocks. Alteration assemblages of muscovite-quartz (±topaz-fluorite-tourmaline) occur in the granites, and muscovite-sericite-quartz occurs in Sn-W quartz veins. Petrographic analyses, including cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL) on cassiterite grains, reveal two types of cassiterite: yellow transparent cassiterite (lighter under SEM-CL: type I) and dark translucent cassiterite (darker under SEM-CL: type II). These types are organized in micro-textures as oscillatory (growth) zones and rep...

The conservation and management of highly migratory sharks relies on understanding age-related movements and nursery habitat utilization. We reconstructed the habitat use and migratory history of young White Sharks (Carcharodon carcharias), a highly protected species, by utilizing natural chemical tracers (element:Ca ratios and stable isotope analysis, SIA) in vertebral cartilage growth bands. Two nursery areas in the northeastern Pacific are known, but migration patterns of immature White Sharks within the Gulf of California (GC) and natal philopatry are poorly understood. Vertebrae from coastal Mexican artisanal fisheries off central Baja California in the Pacific (12 neonates and juveniles; 139-280 cm total length) and the GC (3 subadult...

The East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB) is the most important Triassic polymetallic metallogenic belt in China. A study about the petrogenesis of the ore-related intrusions is of great significance to the geodynamic evolution of orogenic belts. In this study, analysis of U-Pb zircon dating, whole-rock major and trace element compositions, and zircon Hf isotopes for the granitoids hosting the Aikengdelesite Mo (-Cu) and Halongxiuma Mo deposits in the EKOB are studied to determine their chronology and petrogenesis. Zircon date results show that the Aikengdelesite granite porphyry and the Halongxiuma granodiorite porphyry formed at 244.2 ± 1.7 Ma and 230.0 ± 1.0 Ma respectively. All samples of the Aikengdelesite granite porphyry and the Halongx...

A number of iron ore deposits and occurrences are distributed along the southeastern China coast, and they constitute an important Fe metallogenic belt in South China. However, the genesis of this belt remains poorly understood. Here, we present in situ U-Pb laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) ages of garnet from three Fe skarn deposits (Makeng, Luoyang, and Yangshan) to constrain the timing and the genesis of the Fe mineralization. Electron microprobe analyses of garnet in association with magnetite indicate a composition within the grossular-andradite solid solution series. Garnet from two Fe skarn ore samples in the Makeng deposit (430 Mt @ 41.60% Fe) in the western part of the belt yielded two U-Pb ag...

The Yana-Kolyma metallogenic belt, NE Russia, is a world-class gold belt with resources numbering ~8300 tons of gold. The belt is localized in the central part of the Verkhoyansk-Kolyma orogen, formed by a collage of diverse terranes. The Tithonian-to-Early-Cretaceous orogenic gold deposits are hosted in a sequence of Permian-Triassic and Jurassic clastic rocks and altered Late Jurassic andesite, dacite, granodiorite, trachyandesite, and trachybasalt dykes. High-fineness gold (800-900‰) in quartz veins and invisible gold in disseminated arsenian pyrite-3 (Py3) and arsenopyrite-1 (Apy1) are present in ores. Here, we present new data about microtextures; the chemical composition and stable sulfur isotopes of auriferous pyrite-3 and arsenopy...

Accumulations of sulfide minerals that are enriched in Ni-Cu-Co-(As) occur as sea floor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits associated with ultramafic rock types on the sea floor and in ophiolite terranes as Outokumpu-type mineralization. In this study we focus on similar mineralization at Lakxia tou Mavrou in the Limassol Forest Complex of Cyprus, which represents the on-land exposure of an oceanic transform fault zone preserved within the Troodos ophiolite. Mineralization here consists of massive lenses of pyrrhotite associated with veins of isocubanite, chalcopyrite, Co pentlandite, and chrome spinel hosted in serpentinized mantle peridotite. We reexamine the field context of mineral occurrences and use in situ mineral chemistry, element mapp...

The Dongxiang tungsten-copper deposit is a large W-Cu deposit located in the northeast of Jiangxi province in south China. Previous studies have mainly considered the geochemical and isotopic attributes of the ore deposit, but information is still lacking on the genesis and setting of Dongxiang W-Cu mineralization-related intrusive rocks. This paper presents systematic elements and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic data of the Dongxiang granodiorite porphyry. The Dongxiang granodiorite porphyry is intermediate-acidic in composition, with SiO2 contents of 60.00-75.16 wt.%, Al2O3 contents of 10.15-18.53 wt.%, an K2O contents of 2.95-4.28 wt.%. The REEs content ranges from 64.2 to 198.1 ppm, with LREE/HREE ratios of 7.67-17.47. It is characterized by adakitic...

Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH) is a common, painful and poorly understood disease. Enamel, dentin and cementum accumulate both essential and toxic trace elements during mineralization. Characterization of the spatial accumulation pattern of trace elements may provide insight into the role that toxic elements play and inform biological processes affecting these hard dental tissues for future research. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to map the distribution of multiple trace elements and heavy metals across equine healthy and diseased (hypercementosis-affected) hard dental tissues among four teeth extracted from horses with EOTRH. Results showed banding patter...